In order to bring a foreign national into the United States for employment, whether it is temporary or permanent employment, U.S. employers are required to pursue labor certification from the Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) in the Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The labor certification must be made before the employer can apply for an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa for the employee. In order for the OFLC to grant a certification, the employer must demonstrate that there are insufficient qualified U.S. workers available and willing to perform the work at wages that meet the prevailing market wage for that occupation in the intended area of employment. The OFLC requires this of employers in order to ensure that the U.S. job market is not negatively affected by an overload of foreign workers willing to make less in salary for a job than an American. The OFLC coordinates the following labor certification programs, each with slightly different paperwork and requirements: Permanent Labor Certification; H-1B Specialty Workers; H-1C Nurses in Disadvantaged Areas; H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Seasonal Agricultural Workers; H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-agricultural Workers; and D-1 Crewmembers Certification.