Applicants in the process of naturalizing as U.S. Citizens are required during their naturalization interviews with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to pass tests examining their aptitude in the English language an civics. The test was redesigned by USCIS in 2008. The English portion of the exam tests the applicant's ability to speak, read and write English. The speaking portion of the English test is judged by the USCIS Officer conducting the eligibility interview with the applicant. In order to pass the reading and writing portions of the English test the applicant must read 1 item out of 3 correctly and write 1 item out of 3 correctly. In order to support applicants in preparing for the English portion of the exam, all of the English words used in the reading and writing portions of the test are included in a vocabulary list available through the USCIS. The civics portion of the exam tests the applicant's understanding of U.S. government and history. In order to pass, applicants are required to answer 6 questions out of 10 correctly. The USCIS has published a wealth of guidance for the civics test, including the 100 questions in the question pool used to generate the 10 used in the test. Flash cards and a lesson book are also freely available to applicants. Applicants failing a test will be required to retake the same test, regardless of whether the test was the new revised version or the older version.