How Naturalization Works

An immigrant who wishes to become a U.S. citizen goes through the naturalization process.  It involves meeting initial eligibility requirements, two tests, an interview, and ends with an oath and being naturalized.  Each step is briefly explained below.

Eligibility

There are eligibility requirements which must be met before a person can even start the United States naturalization process.  There are minimum time requirements which must be met and a person must prove s/he has a good moral character. 

Application for Naturalization

Once an immigrant determines s/he meets the eligibility requirements, s/he can submit the N400 form.  The N400 form is the naturalization application.  The naturalization form consists of many naturalization questions regarding the personal history and criminal record of the applicant.  The form will list all necessary documents which are required to be submitted with the application (birth certificate, passport, marriage records, etc.).

USCIS Interview

The USCIS will schedule a naturalization interview at the USCIS office closest to your residence.  During the interview, your ability to read, write, and speak English will be tested, as well as your knowledge of U.S. history and government (also known as civics).  You can find a list of civics questions at the USCIS website.

Oath of Citizenship

If you are approved for naturalization after your interview, you will then have to take a naturalization oath in order to complete the naturalization process.  The oath, taken during a naturalization ceremony, declares your allegiance to the United States and your support of the United States constitution. The oath can be taken at the USCIS office or at a special ceremony with others becoming U.S. citizens at the same time.

The Naturalization process can take some time and energy on your part, but with U.S. citizenship comes many rights and protections not shared by those with permanent resident status.  If you plan to live in the United States permanently, it is well worth the effort to become a U.S. citizen.